(D) The relative expression of GINS2 in BLCA tissues and healthy tissues from GEPIA database. indicated that TRPM2-AS was significantly upregulated in BLCA tissues and cell lines. Apart from that, it was observed that TRPM2-AS knockdown significantly inhibited the viability, proliferation and colony formation of BCLA Rac-1 cells, but it promoted the apoptosis of the BCLA cells. A significant downstream target of TRPM2-AS, miR-22-3p was found to show a lower expression level in BLCA tissues and cell lines. However, the inhibition of miR-22-3p Labetalol HCl considerably enhanced BLCA cell phenotypes. As well as discovering that GINS2 mRNA was a downstream target of miR-22-3p and was significantly upregulated in BLCA, experimental results also indicated that the knockdown of GINS2 suppressed BLCA cell phenotypes. Conclusion This research confirmed that TRPM2-AS could promote BCLA by binding to miR-22-3p to increase GINS2 expression. This novel interactome in BLCA cell lines might provide more insights into BLCA therapy. Keywords: TRPM2-AS, miR-22-3p, GINS2, bladder cancer Background Bladder cancer (BLCA) can be described as Labetalol HCl the malignancy growth that originates from the bladder cells. This cancer is usually associated with males worldwide, and it is ranked ten among all Labetalol HCl cancer types.1 Although the occurrence and death rate of BLCA is the highest in South Europe, the incidence rate of BLCA in China has skyrocketed in the last 10 years.1,2 Over the years, several clinical methods have been introduced to treat BLCA, such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy; nonetheless, the survival rate of BLCA patients has not improved with these methods.3,4 To improve the lives of individuals with BLCA, it is imperative that the underlying molecular mechanism of this tumor be properly understood. Containing more than 200 bp of nucleotides, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has been documented to participate actively in cancer development.5C9 The host gene of TRPM2-AS, which belongs to the lncRNA class, consists of three exons. This RNA gene is also located at chromosome 21q22. 3 and was first discovered to be upregulated in melanoma in 2008.10 One research discovered TRPM2-AS to be a cancer-promoting gene in several tumors, including reproductive system tumors, digestive system tumors and respiratory system tumors.11C17 Yet, no study has explored the impact of TRPM2-AS on BLCA. Besides, in the last 10 years, research has demonstrated that small RNAs could participate in the progression of human neoplasms.18 Small RNAs include miRNAs, with a length of 18C29 nucleotides.19,20 Among them, miRNAs play essential roles in cancer progression. While miR-22-3ps role has been discovered to act as a tumor suppressor in the neoplasms found in the reproductive system, digestive system and respiratory system,21C27 no research has investigated the effect of miR-22-3p in a lncRNA-related interactome complex on BLCA. Apart from TRPM2-AS and miR-22-3p, Labetalol HCl GINS2 (GINS complex subunit 2) has been linked to the development of BLCA. Located on chromosome 16q24.1, GINS2 consists of five exons that belong to the GINS complex family.28 The GINS complex is also a member of the DNA replication helicase family, which participates in the initiation of chromosome replication.29,30 Several studies have documented the inability of GINS2 to promote cancer progression.31C39 However, the function of GINS2 in BLCA has not been Labetalol HCl studied in the literature. This research aimed to study the regulatory mechanism of TRPM2-AS, miR-22-3p and GINS2 mRNA in BLCA cell lines. It was hypothesized that TRPM2-AS could promote BLCA by binding miR22-3p to increase GINS2 mRNA expression. Our results might provide a better clinical approach to BLCA treatments. Materials and Methods Bioinformatic Analysis Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), an online gene expression profiling interactive analysis tool, was used to analyze the expression of TRPM2-AS and GINS2 mRNA in bladder tissues with and without BLCA. “type”:”entrez-geo”,”attrs”:”text”:”GSE37815″,”term_id”:”37815″GSE37815 data, which was downloaded from the GEO database, consisted of the mRNA expression.
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